湖南高中英语：写作三

　写作复习

　第一部分：

　增加作文得分亮点 的 十种方法

　 一、交叉使用长句和短句 1. (一般句) At noon we had a picnic in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories . Some played chess. (优秀句) At noon we had a picnic in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess. 二、避免同一词语的重复使用 如表示“喜欢”，可以选用 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for 等 1. (一般句) I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

　 (优秀句) I like reading while my brother __________ watching television. 三、适当使用短语代替单词 1. (一般句) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

　 (优秀句)

　He has ______ ______ _______ _______ to be a teacher when he grows up. 2. (一般句) He doesn’t like music.

　(优秀句) He doesn’t ______ ______ _______music. 四、恰当套用某些固定表达方式 1. (一般句) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any further.

　 (优秀句)

　He was _______ ______ ________ walk any further. 2. (一般句) The film was very interesting . Both the teachers and the students liked it.

　(优秀句) The film was __________ _______ ________ both the teachers and the students liked it. 五、灵活改变句子开头 用倒装语序或以状语开头等，会增加文章的表现力。

　1. (一般句)You can do it well only in this way.

　(优秀句)_______ _____ _______ ________ can you do it well. 2. (一般句)The door opened and Mr. Smith came in. (优秀句)The door opened and ______ ______ Mr. Smith. 3. (一般句)There stands an old temple at the top of the hill. (优秀句)At the top of the hill ______ an old temple. 六、合理使用省略句 可以是文章精练、简洁，而且使文章具有文才和可读性。

　1. (一般句)He may be busy. If he is busy, I will call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

　(优秀句)He may be busy. If ______, I will call later. If ______ , can I see him now ? 2. (一般句) She could have applied for that job. But she didn’t do so.

　(优秀句)She could have applied for that job, but ______ ______. 七、恰当运用非谓语结构 非谓语结构是一种高级结构，恰当使用，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。

　1. (一般句)When they heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

　 (优秀句) _______ ________ _______, they all jumped for job. 2. (一般句)As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her. (优秀句)________ ______ her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her. 八、注意文章的过渡与衔接 （一）、表示增加的过渡词：

　 also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover, again , on top of , another 等 （二）、表示时间顺序的过渡词

　now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, graudally, suddenly, finally 等 （三）表示比较的过渡词

　in the same way, similarly, differently, just like, just as 等 （四）表示对照的过渡词

　but, still,yet, however, on the one hand, in spite of , even though, despite 的呢过 （五）表示空间顺序的过渡词 near, in front of , far from, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, on one side, outside 等 （六）、表示结果和原因的过渡词

　for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that 等

　（七）、表示强调的过渡词

　in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat, above all, the most important 等 （八）、表示解释说明的过渡词 for example, in fact, in this case, for , actually 等 （九）、表示总结的过渡词

　finally , at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in other words, in brief, as has been stated 等 九、合理安排句型 把意思相近、相似、互为补充的句子合为一个复杂句，使重点突出，并且要明确内在的逻辑关系。

　1. (一般句)When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birthday, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. (优秀句)_______ celebrate my birthday, mother always cooks some dishes to celebrate my birthday, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 十、综合使用各类“ 高级” 结构 1. (一般句)Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out. (优秀句) Now everyone knows the news. I think _____ must be Jim _____has let it

　out. 2. (一般句)We had to stand there to catch the offender. (优秀句)______ we had to do was stand there, _______ to catch the offender. 3. (一般句)If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s. (优秀句)Her pronunciation is as good as, if _____ _____ _____ , her teacher’s. 十一、大胆使用高级词汇 1.阅读中经常碰到的词汇

　①Her dark eyes are very _________ (比 beautiful 高级)

　②.Is the manager _________? (比 in 高级)

　③ I came across her in the street _____ ______ _______.(比 several days’ ago 高级) 2.纲内词汇的纲外用法

　Hearing the news, I felt ______ ______(有点) discouraged.

　3.低级词汇的高级用法 ①He stood before his teacher silently, with his head ______(低头). ②The cat jumped over the short wall, up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.(介词 over, up, into 用的好) 十二、适当使用名言警句点缀 1. Well begun is half done. 好的开端是成功的一半。

　2. Look before you leap. First think, then act.三思而后行。

　3. Art is long, but life is short.人生有限，学问无涯。

　4.

　In doing we learn.经一事，长一智。

　5. You can’t make something out of nothing.

　 巧妇难为无米之炊。

　6.

　Nothing is so certain as the unexpected.

　 天有不测风云，人有旦夕福祸。

　7.

　Nothing so bad but might be a blessing.

　 塞翁失马，焉知非福。

　8.

　Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.

　 世上无难事，只要肯攀登。

　第二部分

　 写作中的经典句式 1.As is known to all =It is well known to all that…众所周知 As is known to all, pandas are not only cute but also friendly. 2. As far as I am concerned 就我而言……； 对我来说…… As far as I am concerned, there are a great many advantages of it. 对我而言，它有很多优点。

　3. As +形容词/副词原级+（a/an)+名词+as “跟…….一样是一个…….” He is as good a dancer as his sister. 他跟他姐姐一样是一个很好的舞者。

　4…..before…还没来得及……就……

　Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but theyhung up before I could answer the phone.

　半夜的时候，有人打电话给我。但是我还没来得及接，他就挂了电话。

　5. can’t help doing sth.禁不住……can’t help do sth.不能帮忙做……;can’t help but do sth. 没有办法，只有…… Mother, I can’t help clean the room. I can’t help but admire his courage. While shopping , people sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying something they don’t really need. 6. 形容词/副词+enough to do sth.足够……去做某事 The boy is old enough to go to school. 7. hate/like/see to+it (作形式宾语)+从句

　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 8. in case

　…以防……. Be quiet, in case you should wake up the baby. 安静点，以防吵着孩子。

　9. It+be+ 一段时间+since 从句 如果从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，则译为 “自从…..以来已经有……时间了”；如果从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则译为 “自从该动作结束以来已有………时间了”。

　It is three years since he smoked . 他戒烟三年了。

　10. It is + 名词+ that/what/whether/how/when 引导主语从句 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 句子仿写 1.大家都知道，中国再过三十年将可能成为一个发达的、强大的国家。(as…)

　_______________________________________________________________________________ 2.对我来说，水太凉了。(As far as sb. be concerned.) ________________________________________________________ 3.他和他弟弟一样都是著名的科学家。(as+形容词+名词 +as) ________________________________________________________ 4.我不知不觉地被骗了。(before) ________________________________________________________ 5. 我没有办法只有跟他一块走。(can’t help but do) ________________________________________________________

　 我得走了，没法帮你修自行车了。(can’t help (to) do) ________________________________________________________ 6.他认为他已经好了，可以回去上班了。（形容词/副词+enough）

　____________________________________________________________.

　7.你相信好了，我们会支持你的。(谓语+it +宾语从句) ____________________________________________________________. 8.我将一整天待在宾馆，以防有那个丢失的小孩的消息。(in case that) ____________________________________________________________. 9. 我来这里好几年了。（since）

　________________________________________. 他不住这里好几年了。(since) _________________________________________. 10.他成功与否仍是个问题。(主语从句) __________________________________________. 句子仿写 答案 1.大家都知道，中国再过三十年将可能成为一个发达的、强大的国家。(as…)

　As is know to all, China will probably be an advnced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years. 2.对我来说，水太凉了。(As far as Sb. be concerned.) As far as I am concerned, that water is too cold. 3.他和他弟弟一样都是著名的科学家。(as+形容词+名词 +as) He is as famous a scientist as his brother. 4.我不知不觉地被骗了。(before) I had been taken in before I knew it. 5. 我没有办法只有跟她一块走。(can’t help but do) I can’t help but go with her.

　我得走了，没法帮你修自行车了。(can’t help (to) do) I must be off now. I can’t help repair your bike. 6.他认为他已经好了，可以回去上班了。（形容词/副词+enough）

　He thinks he is well enough to get back to school. 7.你相信好了，我们会支持你的。(谓语+it +宾语从句) You can depend on it that we will support you. 8.我将一整天待在宾馆，以防有那个丢失的小孩的消息。(in case that) I shall stay in the hotel all day in case there is news of the missing boy. 9. 我来这里好几年了。（since）

　It is years since I came here. 他不住这里好几年了。(since) It is years since he lived here. 10.他成功与否仍是个问题。(主语从句) It is still a problem whether he will succeed.

　11. It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/who… It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday. It is they who will come tomorrow. 强调句中的 it 与表时间的 it 的区别：

　It was on Februraly 12, 1809 that Lincoln was born. (强调句)

　It was February 12, 1809 when Lincoln was born. (表时间) 12. keep… from doing/ prevent… (from) doing/stop…(from)doing 阻止……做 If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now. 13. (much) too…to do sth.太…….而不能做某事

　但当 too 用以修饰表情绪的形容词 anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, wiling 时， 不定时为肯定意义。

　He is too tired to go any further. 他太累，走不动了。

　It was much too late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi. 太晚了，赶不上公交车，所以我们叫了辆的士。

　14. no longer… /not … any longer; no more…/not …any more.不再，再也不…….

　The baby watched and listened. He didn’t cry any more. 15. not/no/never nothing+比较级 “没有……比…….更”，用比较级表示最高奖概念。

　 There is nothing interesting than the film I have ever seen in the past years.

　16. Never/Little ? Hardly / In no time? In no way / In no case / Seldom / Scarecely / Barely/ Rarely/ Nowhere /By no means +be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语 I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life had felt so happy. 我最终得到了我梦寐以求的工作。我生命中出来没有觉得如此开心过。

　17. No sooner…(had come)than…did…= Hardly(Scarcely)…(had done)when (before)…did

　“一…….就…….”

　Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.

　18. not only… but (also) …当 not only 位于句首时，其后的句子部分倒装。

　 Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowded.

　19. Neither/ Nor +be /助动词/情态动词+主语

　“既不…….也不…….”

　-- I don’t think I can walk any further.

　--- Neither can I. Let’s stop here for a rest.

　20. only +副词/介词短语/状语从句……(部分倒装)

　Only by practicing a few hours every day can you be able to master the language.

　 21. Sb. Would (should) like (love) to do sth. “某人愿意做…….”

　Sb. Would (should) like (love) to have done sth. 本想…… 表示对已经发生的事的一张遗憾。

　Sb. Would (should) like (love) to be done. “想让……(被)做…….”

　I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.

　Litte Jim should like to be taken to the theatre this evening. 22. spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花费/浪费是火箭做某事

　You are wasting your time trying to persuade him: he will never join us. 23. So +adj+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 So difficult did I feel it to live in the English speaking country that I determined to learn English.

　24. Sb. is said to …=It is said that…据说……. Your learning Center is said to provide the help for our foreign students, so I am anxious to get the help from you. 25.so that….. can/could/will/would…“如此……以至于”引导目的状语从句。

　I sincerely hope I can be chosen so that I can call on more people to protect elephant. 26. “比较级+than any other+ 单数可数名词”表示最高级概念。

　也可以表达为“比较级+ than any other + 名词复数/the ones”或“比较级+ than anyone (anybody) else”但是，如果比较的对象不在同一个范围之内，则用“比较级+ any +单数名词”

　He works harder than any other students in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa .

　27. the+ 形容词/副词比较级，the+形容词/副词比较级 “越….就越….”，表示一个方面的程度随着另一个方面的程度平行增进或递减。

　The more you eat, the father you’ll be. 28. the same+ 名词+as

　 “跟…….一样” The rope is the same length as that one. He is not the same man as he used to be. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I shall do it in the same way as you did. 29. the moment/ the minute/ the instant /the day/the second 一……就…… ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? --- Yes. I gave it to her the moment I met her. 30. This /It is /was the first /last/second/third time ….+从句

　---Do you know our town all?

　---No. This is the first time I have been here. 31. used to do 过去常常……..，但现在未必如此。would do 过去常常重复的大作

　be/get/become/used to doing sth.习惯于做….. The old man is used to a simple life. There used to be a tall building. Whenever he met me he would ask me a question. 32. warn sb. not to do/against doing sth.警告某人不要去做…… The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation. 33. What+ (a/an+ adj.)+名词

　How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语 Oh, John,What a pleasant surprise you gave us! (句子仿写后续)

　第三部分：语法专题

　 语法专题一：非谓语动词 一、动词不定式、动词的-ing 和过去分词的选用 （一）下列情况选用不定式 1 ．表目的，一般选用不定式

　 ①Nearly four hundred supermarkets in Beijing are preparing to dim their lights ______ the “Earth Hour 2011” on Saturday night. A. Honor

　B. honoring

　C. to honor

　D. having honored

　②. Go to bed right away. Forget you need to get up as early as you can ______ the early train? A. catch

　 B. catching

　C. caught

　D. to catch

　2 ．表示动作尚未发生，一般选用不定式。

　①. ---The boss means _____ our wages.

　---- Good. Raising wages means _____ our buying power.

　A. raising; increasing

　 B. to raise; to increase

　C. to raise ; increasing D. raising; to increase

　②. It’s reported that the bridge _______ next year will be very long.

　A. being built

　B. building

　C. to be built

　D. built

　3. 前有疑问词，一般选用不定式：疑问词+ 动词不定式

　① It’s dark and little Anne can’t find her way home. She really doesn’t know _______.

　 A. when to leave

　B. what to do

　 C. whether to go

　D. which to choose （二）下列情况选用现在分词 1. 作伴随状语，一般选用现在分词 伴随状语常用逗号与主句分开 ，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、次要的动作。

　① The pop star walked out of the stage, ______ her hands elegantly to her crazy fans. A. waving

　 B. was waving

　 C. waved

　D. to wave

　② I walked out of the cinema, _____ I’d never come back to this hell of a place.

　A. determining

　B. decided

　C. to determine

　D. to decide

　2. when, while 后常选用现在分词，表示动作同时进行。

　3. with/without + 名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing 分词 结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。

　His hair became grey with the years _____________(pass) . Without anyone __________(notice),he slipped through the window. ( 三). 下列情况选用动名词 1. 表示习惯性，泛指经常性、不具体的动作，选用动名词

　_______（walk）is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2 表示职业，选用动名词。

　 My job is teaching.我的职业是教书。

　（四）. 下列情况选用过去分词 (1) 表示动作已经完成，用过去分词（2 ）表示被动，用过去分词 ①_______ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis , people are optimistic about the future of the country.

　A. Convincing

　 B. Convinced

　C. To convinced

　 D. Having convinced

　② He narrowly missed being seriously hurt, if not ______, by the explosion.

　A. killed

　 B. being killed

　C. be killed

　 D. to be killed

　二、非谓语动词的时态、语态 1. 根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的时间关系确定时态形式。

　① The scientist was rewarded by the government for _____ such a great contribution to the country.

　A. make

　 B. making

　C. being made

　D. having made

　2. 根据非谓语动词的动作与其逻辑主语的关系确定其语态

　② After the storm, many trees were found _______ down on the road.

　A. knocking

　 B. knocked

　 C. to knock

　 D. to be knocked

　3 有些非谓语动词已经成为固定结构，不与谓语动词或逻辑主语发生联系，需要牢记。

　judging by/from…从….判断

　 exactly/generally/frankly/honestly speaking 正确地 说 / 一 般 来 说 / 坦 白 地 说 / 老 实 说

　 to tell the truth 说 实 话

　provided/providing that…如果 considering …考虑到

　seeing….考虑到

　 supposing/assuming ….假使……，如果…… compared to/with…与…比较 4. 重点注意：不定式的时态、语态 (以 以 build 为例)

　语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式

　主动

　被动

　三、动词后接 to do 还是 doing

　1. 下列动词后，只能接不定式作宾语

　would like, decide, demand , expect, fail, hope, agree, ask, aim, choose, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等，它们大部分可以接 that 引导的从句。

　2. 下列动词后，只能接 doing 作宾语

　enjoy, mind, finish, suggest, give up, insist on, resist, practise, appreciate, delay, keep, imagine, miss 等。

　He used to practise playing the guitar.

　3. 部分动词既可接不定式又可接 doing ，但意义差别很大，应根据句子语境选择使用。

　例如 forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, can’t help , go on 等 4. 部分动词后接不定式或 doing ，意义不变。如 begin, start, continue 等。但它们与 与 know, understand 等意识状态动词连用时，要用不定式。

　When do you begin __________________（do）your homework?

　I begin ___________ (understand) mom finally. 5. hate, like, love 接动词不定式，也可接 doing ，但它们前面有 would(should) 时，

　要用不定式。

　I would love to go to the party tonight. ① I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention______ when we talked on the phone.

　A. to promote

　 B. having been promoted

　 C. having promoted

　D. to be promoted

　② Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ______ alone, but she didn’t like ti and moved back home.

　A. living

　 B. to live

　C. to be living

　D. having lived

　专题训练 1.Only ______ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. A. taking

　B. taken

　C. being taken

　D. having been taken

　2.---Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening? ----Sorry, Tom. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you. A. Not prepared

　 B. Not having prepared

　C. Not to prepare D. Being not to prepared

　3.Has the boy who was made use of ______ realized his mistakes? A. cheating

　B. cheated

　 C. to cheat

　D. for cheating

　4.----I would like to buy an expensive camera. ---Well, we have several modules _______. A. to choose from

　B. to choose

　 C. to be chosen

　D. for choice

　5． He was so foolish _____ his car unlocked. A. to leave

　 B. that leave

　C. as to leave

　D. for him to leave

　6. A few days after the interview, I received a letter ______ me admission to the university.

　A. offering

　B. offered

　 C. having offered

　D. to be offered

　7.---O’Neal works hard. ----So he does. He is often seen _______ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice. A. to be sweated

　 B. sweated

　 C. be sweated

　 D. sweating

　8.With the plane ______, some passengers on board feel sick and want to throw up. A. taken off

　 B. taking off

　C. to take off

　 D. would take off

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